《詞匯學(xué)概論》教學(xué)大綱
An Overview of Lexicology
課程編碼：08A11450 學(xué)分：2.0 課程類別：專業(yè)任選課
計(jì)劃學(xué)時(shí)：32 其中講課：32 實(shí)驗(yàn)或?qū)嵺`：0 上機(jī)：0
適用專業(yè)：英語
推薦教材：張韻斐，《現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué)概論（第2版）》，北京師范大學(xué)出版社，2004年.
參考書目：1.汪榕培，王之江，朱越峰，《英語詞匯學(xué)》，華東師范大學(xué)出版社, 2011年.
2.陳友良，劉明東，《英語詞匯學(xué)》，電子科技大學(xué)出版社, 2005年.
3.馮世梅，《英語詞匯學(xué)》，中國水利水電出版社,2002年.
課程的教學(xué)目的與任務(wù)
本課程的教學(xué)目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中對所觀察到的英文詞匯現(xiàn)象加以分析和總結(jié)的技能和習(xí)慣，從而使學(xué)生提高對英文詞匯的理解、欣賞和分析能力。課程的主要任務(wù)是系統(tǒng)地介紹英語詞匯學(xué)知識，通過課堂授課的方式，使學(xué)生能夠掌握英語詞匯學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識從而更科學(xué)地學(xué)習(xí)英語詞匯，運(yùn)用詞匯學(xué)中所學(xué)到的基本知識和理論來分析和理解英語詞匯，正確地使用英語詞匯。
課程的基本要求
1.了解詞匯的來源、發(fā)展和國別特征。
2.掌握英語詞匯構(gòu)詞方法。
3.理解有關(guān)詞義的基本知識并學(xué)會運(yùn)用其分析具體詞匯問題。
4.了解英語習(xí)語的特征和分類，記憶重點(diǎn)英語習(xí)語并能熟練運(yùn)用。
各章節(jié)授課內(nèi)容、教學(xué)方法及學(xué)時(shí)分配建議
Chapter 1 A General Survey of English Vocabulary 建議學(xué)時(shí)：2
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)了解英語詞匯的發(fā)展歷史，現(xiàn)代英語詞匯快速發(fā)展的原因，掌握英語單詞不同的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1. Definition of English words
2. The three phases of English vocabulary
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：Classification of English vocabulary?
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
1.1 The development of English vocabulary
A. English vocabulary as viewed in the historical perspective
B. The rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary
1.2. Classifications of English words according to different criteria
A. By origin:
B. By level of usage
C. By notion
Chapter 2 Morphological Structure of English Words 建議學(xué)時(shí)：2
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握語素的概念及其分類。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1. Definition of morpheme
2. Definition of allomorph
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：Classification of morphemes
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
2.1 Morphemes
A. Definition
B. Allomorphs
2.2 Classification of Morphemes
A. Free morphemes and bound morphemes
B. Roots and affixes
Chapter 3 Word-formation I (the three major processes of word-formation) 建議學(xué)時(shí)：3
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握英語詞匯的三種主要構(gòu)成方法：合成法（compounding），派生法(derivation)和轉(zhuǎn)換法(conversion)。能夠辨別三種構(gòu)詞法的不同并由此推測詞類和詞義。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Definition and illustration of compounding
2. Definition and illustration of derivation
3. Definition and illustration of conversion
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
3.1 General Remarks
A. Percentage of new words coined by the different word-formation processes after World War II
B. Some basic concepts of word- formation
3.2 Compounding
A. Definition
B. Classification of compounds
3.3 Derivation
A. Definition
B. Prefixation
C. Suffixation
3.4 Conversion
A. Introductory remarks
B. Types of conversion
Chapter 4 Word-formation II (the minor processes of word-formation) 建議學(xué)時(shí)：3
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握八類次要構(gòu)詞法：首字母法(acronym)，混合法(blending)，截短法(clipping)，專有名詞(word from proper names)，逆構(gòu)法(back-formation)，復(fù)制法(reduplication)，新古典法(neo-classical formation)以及混雜法(miscellaneous)。能夠辨別這八種構(gòu)詞法的不同并由此推測詞類和詞義。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Definition of acronym
2. The difference between initialism and acronym
3. Definition of back-formation and clipping
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
4.1 Acronymy: Initialisms and Acronyms
A. Initialisms
B. Acronyms
4.2 Clipping
A. Back Clippings
B. Front Clippins
C. Front and back clippings
D. Phrase clippings
4.3 Blending
A. The first part of the first word + the last part of the second one
B. The first part of the first word + the first part of the second one
C. Whole form of the first word + last part of the second word
D. First part of the first word + whole form of the second word
4.4 Back-formation
A. Definition
B. Sources of back-formation
4.5 Words from Proper Names
A. Words from the names of scientists
B. Words from the names of politicians and statesmen
C. Words from the names of places
D. Words from trademarks
E. Words from literature
4.6 Reduplication
A. Definition
B. Sources of reduplication
4.7 Neoclassical Formation
A. Definition
B. Sources neoclassical formation
4.8 Miscellaneous
A. Definition
B. Sources
Chapter 5 Word Meaning and Semantic Features 建議學(xué)時(shí)：4
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握詞義及其語義關(guān)系。理解無論是在語音上還是拼寫上，大多數(shù)英語詞匯跟它的意義關(guān)系幾乎都是任意的。分析語義成分分析的利弊
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. The difference between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning.
2. Ways to identify semantic features.
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
5.1 Conventionality and Motivation
A. Conventionality
B. Motivation
5.2 Main types of Word Meaning
A. Grammar meaning
B. Lexical meaning
5.3 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features
A. Componential Analysis on the basis of semantic contrast
B. Advantages and disadvantages of componential Analysis
Chapter 6 Polysemy and Homonymy 建議學(xué)時(shí)：4
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握一詞多義和同音異義詞的概念及三種不同的同音異義詞：完全同音同形詞（perfect homonyms）、同音異義詞（homophones）和同形異義詞（homographs）。了解同音異義詞的三種主要來源。學(xué)會賞析一詞多義跟同音異義詞都具有使文章更具幽默諷刺和戲劇性的文體價(jià)值。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Definition of polysemy and homonym
2. Definition of radiation and concatenation
3. Sources of homonyms
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
6.1 Polysemy
A. Definition
B. Two approaches to polysemy
C. Two processes leading to polysemy
6.2 Homonymy
A. Types of homonyms
B. Sources of homonyms
6.3 The Stylistic Value of Polysemy and Homonymy
A. The stylistic value of polysemy
B. The stylistic value of homonymy
Chapter 7 Sense Relations Between Words 建議學(xué)時(shí)：4
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握詞匯的同義關(guān)系，反義關(guān)系，上下義關(guān)系和語義場的概念及其分類。理解一個(gè)語義場中的單詞不是指同義詞，而是因具有共同的語義特征而聯(lián)系在一起的單詞。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Kinds of sense relations
2. The difference between hyponym and superodinate relative
3. Perfect synonyms
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
7.1 Synonymy
A. Definition of synonymy
B. Types of synonymy
&n, bsp; C. Synonymous patterns
D. The choice and appropriate use of synonyms
7.2 Antonymy
A. Types of antonyms
B. Some relevant points about anonyms
C. Use of anonyms
7.3 Hyponymy
A. Definition of hyponymy
B. Functions of hyponymy
7.4 Semantic Field
A. Definition of semantic field
B. Functions of semantic field
Chapter 8 Meaning and Context 建議學(xué)時(shí)：3
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握語境的概念及其分類。理解決定一個(gè)單詞的意思，語境起著重要的作用。能夠用三種建議性的方法更好地正確理解詞義。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Two types of contexts
2. The vital roles of context in determination of word meaning
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
8.1 Two Types of Contexts
A. Linguistic context
B. Extra-linguistic context / Context of situation
8.2 The Vital Role of Context in Determination of Word Meaning
A. Elimination ambiguities
B. Conveying emotional overtones
C. Indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word
8.3 Suggested Ways for the Correct Comprehension of Word Meaning
A. The use of an up-to-date and adequate monolingual dictionary
B. A good knowledge of the culture of the English-speaking people
C. Development of the ability to determine the meaning of a word from its context
Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 建議學(xué)時(shí)：3
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)理解詞義改變的原因主要有歷史原因、社會原因、外來文化影響、語言上的原因以及心理學(xué)上的原因。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Causes of changes in word meaning
2. Four tendencies in semantic change
3. Semantic development or change resulting from the figurative use of word
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning
A. Historical cause
B. Social cause
C. Foreign influences
D. Linguistic cause
E. Psychological cause
9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change
A. Restriction of meaning(specialization)
B. Extension of meaning(generalization)
C. Degeneration of meaning(pejoration)
D. Elevation of meaning(amelioration)
9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words
A. Metaphor
B. Metonymy
Chapter 10 English Idioms 建議學(xué)時(shí)：2
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)掌握英語習(xí)語的重要特征及其來源。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Classification of idioms
2. Syntactic, structural and stylistic analysis of idioms
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
10.1 Introductory Remarks
10.2 Sources of English Idioms
10.3 Classification of Idioms
A. Phrase idioms
B. Clause idioms
C. Sentence idioms
10.4 Syntactic, Structural and Stylistic Analysis of Idioms
A. Syntactic function
B. Transformational restrictions
C. Collective restriction
D. Structural variability
D. Stylistic features
Chapter 11 American English 建議學(xué)時(shí)：1
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)了解美國英語的起源和特點(diǎn)
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. Characteristics of American English
2. Differences between British and American English
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
11.1 Growth of American English
A. Before independence
B. From independence to the early nineteenth century
C. From the early 19thcentury ti the present time
D. The impact of American English on British English
11.2 Characteristics of American English
A. Creativeness in enriching the language
B. Conservativeness or retention of archaic feature
C. Heterogeneity
D. Relative uniformity in speech
F. Use of big words
G. Verbose and plain style in writing
11.3 Differences between British and American English
A. Differences in pronunciation
B. Differences in spelling
C. Differences in grammar
D. Differences in vocabulary
Chapter 12 English Dictionary and How to Use Them 建議學(xué)時(shí)：1
[教學(xué)目的與要求]
通過本章學(xué)習(xí)了解不同類別的詞典并能夠理智慎重地選擇一本實(shí)用性強(qiáng)，適合自己的詞典。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)]
1. The types of dictionary
2. The choice of dictionary
3. The use of dictionary
[授 課 方 法]
多媒體輔助課堂講授為主，課堂討論和課下自學(xué)為輔。
[授 課 內(nèi) 容]
12.1 Introductory Remarks
A. Lexicology and dictionaries
B. Trends of English dictionaries-prescriptive and descriptive dictionaries
12.2 Types of Dictionaries
A. Linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedic
B. General and special dictionaries
C. Monolingual and bilingual dictionaries
D. Synchronic and diachronic dictionaries
E. Unabridged, medium-sized, and pocket dictionaries
F. Ideological dictionaries
G. Monolingual dictionaries for non-native learners
12.3 The Choices of a Dictionary
A. Suitability
B. Contents
C. Authority
D. Up-to-dateness
12.4 How to Use a Dictionary
A. Read the introduction and guide to the use of the dictionary
B. Make full use of the entry contents
C. Choose the right meaning
D. Know the inadequacies of the dictionaries
撰稿人：張曉蕾 審核人： 宋慶偉
教學(xué)大綱